Marxism/Communism/East-West Relations

This section deals with a number of related topics, including:  Marxism;  socialism;  communism;  the cold war;  Soviet imperialism;  international relations;  foreign policy;  totalitarianism versus freedom, etc.  A number of authors are ex-communists or ex-socialists;  some are emigres, escapees or defectors from communist regimes;  all share a common dislike of Marxist/Leninist theory and practice.

Do glasnost and perestroika make the subject of anti-communism irrelevant or outdated?  Do changes in the communist world, especially in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe invalidate or make obsolete many books in this section?  I think not, for these four reasons:

• No one knows if Gorbachev's reforms will last.  May they not in fact be reversible?  Many observers, including the late Sakharov, question whether Gorbachev will stay in power for long.  The gains made under Gorbachev may quickly and easily be undone.  As Tienanmen Square conclusively demonstrated, current reforms are no guarantee of future liberalization.
• Even if communist ideology is dead as a creed in Russia and Eastern Europe, there still exist a number of Marxist/Leninist totalitarian regimes around the globe such as North Korea and Cuba.
• The books listed here eloquently and forcefully describe the terror that can only result when utopian social engineers implement their coercive ideologies.  The social planners and utopians who hope to remake mankind in their own image need to be reminded that such experiments have been tried in the past, and have resulted directly in the horrors of the Gulag.
• For years, those who subscribed to the views put forth by these authors were described as hysterical, over-reacting, war-mongering, McCarthyites (or worse!).  But now it is the Soviet and Eastern Bloc leaders themselves who are admitting to what conservatives have long been charging:  that communism has resulted in the murder of millions;  that planned economies are economic albatrosses;  and that state socialism has led to privileged elites ruling over impoverished masses.  Recent events have thus decisively vindicated what these authors have said.

These anti-communist titles therefore are both relevant and necessary.

Amstutz, Mark R., Christian Ethics and US Foreign Policy.  Grand Rapids, Michigan:  Zondervan, 1987.  192pp.

In this helpful volume Amstutz deals with the complex issues of Christian involvement in US foreign policy and international relations.  Taking the "Christian realist" approach of such thinkers as Reinhold Niebuhr and Kenneth W. Thompson, Amstutz provides a practical and level-headed discussion of a number of thorny issues -- issues such as nuclear deterrence, Third World poverty, human tights and apartheid.  He also lays out some basic principles for a Christian involvement in social/political issues.  Amstutz is chairman of the Political Science Department at Wheaton College in Illinois.

Arendt, Hannah, On Revolution.  New York:  The Viking Press, 1963, 1965.  343pp.

In this important book Arendt discusses revolution in general and the American, French and Russian revolutions in particular.  Especially important is the distinction she makes between revolution as restoration (as in the revolutions of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and the American revolution), and revolution as radical transformation (as in the French and Russian revolutions).  A very perceptive and cogent volume.  Invaluable reading.

Arendt, Hannah, The Origins of Totalitarianism.  New York:  A Harvest/HBJ Book, 1951.  527pp.

This important work is an analysis of totalitarianism, with special focus on Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia.  The distinction between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes -- later popularized by Jeane Kirkpatrick -- is presented here, as well as discussions on antisemitism and imperialism.  Arendt, who was born in Germany, and taught at several universities, including Princeton and the University of Chicago, was a leading Jewish thinker.  She died in 1975.

Arnold, Anthony, Afghanistan:  The Soviet Invasion in Perspective.  Stanford, California:  Hoover Institution Press, 1985.  179pp.

In this well-researched volume, Arnold, a specialist in Soviet affairs, sketches the history of Soviet-Afghan relations since 1919.  Well before the December 1979 invasion the Soviets were actively involved in subversion and aggression in that country.  The author also looks at Western responses to the current crisis, and proposes U.S. policy changes.  An eye-opening look at Soviet imperialism and the will of a people to resist that imperialism.

Aron, Raymond, In Defense of Decadent Europe.  South Bend, Indiana:  Regnery/Gateway, 1977, 1979.  297pp.

In this fine volume Aron, a French sociologist, demonstrates the superiority of Western liberal democracies over against the failed models of socialism.  The battle between totalitarianism and the liberal tradition is here clearly and powerfully portrayed.  Aron carefully analyses and critiques Marxist ideology and practice, and shows how the West is morally, politically and empirically superior to it.  Aron died in 1986.

Ashby, Timothy, Bear in the Backyard:  Moscow's Caribbean Strategy.  Lexington, Massachusetts:  Lexington Books, 1987.  240pp.

What strategic interests do the Soviets have in Latin America and the Caribbean, and how are they going about wielding influence there?  The author, an expert in these areas, presents here a very well documented analysis of Soviet plans and policies in the Western Hemisphere.  Special attention is focused on Cuba, but Nicaragua, Grenada, Honduras and El Salvador are given due attention as well.  Soviet strategic aims are thoroughly researched, and the threat to America and the region is made clear.  An authoritative and convincing work.

Bales, James D., Communism and the Reality of Moral Law.  Nutley, New Jersey:  The Craig Press, 1969.  201pp.

This book is an analysis of the communist concepts of class, humanity, morality, law and society.  The author demonstrates how Christianity is inimical to communism and its moral relativity.  A detailed and scholarly work.

Bales, James D., Communism:  Its Faith and Fallacies.  Grand Rapids:  Baker Book House, 1962.  214pp.

Bales, a professor of theology, has put together here a helpful study on the basic nature and teachings of communism, critiqued from a Christian perspective.  Bales discusses such issues as:  atheism versus theism;  the class struggle;  communist revolution;  communism and religion;  communist morality;  dialectical materialism;  and the Communist Party.  A helpful primer on communist thought, and a good critique.

Barnett, Harvey, Tale of the Scorpion.  Sydney:  Allen and Unwin, 1988.  231pp.

Numerous books and articles have been written on Australia's security services -- usually from a leftist perspective.  This is the first volume penned by an insider and supporter of these services.  Barnett spent 19 years with ASIS and nine years with ASIO, retiring in 1985.  This volume is of interest to all who want an objective and informed account of the philosophy, aims, practices and history of the Australian intelligence community.  Also of interest is an extensive section on the Ivanov/Combe affair.  A valuable and much-needed book.

Barron, John, Breaking the Ring.  Boston:  Houghton Mifflin, 1987.  244pp.

This is the definitive account of the Walker family spy case, written by an expert in intelligence affairs.  The Walkers passed on to the Soviets an enormous amount of classified information, until their arrest in 1984.  This story tells the hows and whys of the case, and provides a chilling look at the world of Soviet espionage.  An important examination of one of the most damaging cases of espionage in recent history.

Barron, John, KGB:  The Secret Work of Soviet Agents.  New York:  Reader's Digest Press, 1974.  462pp.

Barren, a Senior Editor at Reader's Digest, has assembled here a remarkable collection of facts and data on the origins, nature and influence of the KGB, the Soviet secret police.  This is the frightening and revealing story of how the KGB maintains tyranny within the Soviet Union, as well as subverts and preys upon nations of the West and the Third World.

Barren, John, KGB Today:  The Hidden Hand.  New York:  Reader's Digest Press, 1983.  425pp.

This is a successor to Barren's best-selling 1974 work on the KGB.  It gives further information on how KGB agents continue their work of espionage, terror, subversion, propaganda and disinformation.  A chilling account of a sinister group, loaded with documentation.

Belli, Humberto, Breaking Faith:  The Sandinista Revolution and Its Impact on Freedom and Christian Faith in Nicaragua.  Westchester, Illinois:  Crossway Books, 1985.  271pp.

This is a very important and searching critique of the Marxist regime in Nicaragua, its attack on freedom and its repression of Christianity.  A thoroughly documented and informative book, clearly exposing the totalitarian aims and practices of the Sandinistas.  Belli was an active member of the Sandinista regime before his conversion to Christianity.  Must reading for all who want to know the truth about Nicaragua.

Bennett, John C., Christianity and Communism Today.  London:  SCM Press, 1948, 1960.  186pp.

Bennett, who taught at Union Theological Seminary in New York, cannot be described as a conservative.  But in this volume Bennett makes clear the differences between Christianity and communism, and shows how communism is indeed inimical to the Christian faith.  A helpful and instructive book.

Billingsley, Lloyd, The Generation That Knew Not Josef:  A Critique of Marxism and the Religious Left.  Portland, Oregon:  Multnomah Press, 1985.  217pp.

Reminiscent of Hollander's Political Pilgrims, this book is a critique of members of the religious left who have politicized the gospel, are politically naive and intellectually suspect.  Leftist Christians who extol socialism, espouse pacifism, castigate capitalism, denigrate America, and romanticize tyrannies are exposed.  Also, former leftists who converted to conservatism (and often to Christianity) are discussed -- men such as Muggeridge, Orwell, Djilas, and Koestler.  This is a witty, hard hitting, perceptive and important work.  Must reading.

Bittman, Ladislav, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation:  An Insider's View.  Washington, DC:  Pergamon-Brasseys, 1985.  226pp.

For 12 years Bittman was an intelligence operative for Czechoslovakia, before defecting to the West.  He capably documents the extensive communist propaganda war being waged against a gullible West.  Since the Soviets maintain the largest and most efficient intelligence system in the world, the warnings contained in this book deserve a careful reading.

Bloch, Sidney and Peter Reddaway, Russia's Political Hospitals.  London:  Futura Publications, 1977, 1978.  510pp.

This is the disturbing account of how the Soviet authorities use psychiatric hospitals to contain their dissidents.  The authors provide extensive documentation on the use and abuse of mental hospitals in the Soviet Union.  A frightening but true story of some of the more barbaric aspects of Soviet tyranny.

Bockmuehl, Klaus, The Challenge of Marxism:  A Christian Response.  Leicester, England:  Inter-Varsity Press, 1980.  187pp.

Bockmuehl, who teaches ethics and theology at Regent College in Vancouver, has written a very helpful study on the nature of Marxism, the challenges it poses to Christianity, and the Christian response to Marxism.  A fine critique of Marxian ethics, and the notion of the "New Man" in Marxian thought.

Brown, Harold O.J., Christianity and the Class Struggle.  Grand Rapids, Michigan:  Zondervan, 1970, 1971.  223pp.

This volume discusses the clash between communism and Christianity, and shows how Christianity, not communism, best brings about social justice.  Brown is an evangelical and a professor of church history.

Brzezinski, Zbigniew, The Grand Failure:  The Birth and Death of Communism in the Twentieth Century.  New York:  Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989.  278pp.

The author best summarizes this volume:  "This is a book about the terminal crisis of communism.  It describes and analyzes the progressive decay and the deepening agony both of its system and its dogma.  It concludes that by the next century communism's irreversible historical decline will have made its practice and its dogma largely irrelevant to the human condition."  An important assessment of the current disintegration of the Soviet Empire in particular, and the communist world in general.  Brzezinski, a former national security advisor, now is a professor at Columbia University.

Bui, Diem with David Chanoff, In the Jaws of History.  Boston:  Houghton Mifflin, 1987.  367pp.

This may be one of the best books yet to appear on the Vietnam War.  Bui Diem held a number of high government posts in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1975, dealing with all the key players:  Thieu, Ky, Johnson, Nixon, Kissinger, et. al.  As such he has first hand inside knowledge of recent events in Vietnamese history.  An expert account of the war, as well as a stirring testimony of a man who spent thirty years fighting for democracy in Vietnam.  He now resides in Washington, DC.

Bukovsky, Vladimir, To Build a Castle.  London:  Andre Deutsch, 1978.  352pp.

This is the moving account of a Soviet dissident who endured the whole gamut of Soviet tyranny:  prisons, psychiatric hospitals, and labour camps.  The story of his sufferings, his resistance to oppression, and his eventual expulsion from the Soviet Union in 1976 is powerfully described.  A tribute to the strength and tenacity of the human spirit.

Bukovsky, Vladimir, To Choose Freedom.  Stanford, California:  Hoover Institution Press, 1987.  188pp.

Bukovsky, who spent over a decade in the Soviet Gulag, describes in semi-autobiographical form what life is like in the Soviet Union, and how it differs from the West.  He discusses with passion and eloquence the importance of liberty, reminding Westerners to value and guard it carefully.  A vivid portrayal of totalitarianism in the Soviet Union, and a striking call to choose liberty.

Bundy, Edgar C., How the Communists Use Religion.  New York:  Devin-Adair, 1966.  156pp.

This is a documented account of how Soviet communists are actively involved in subverting and undermining religion in the free world.  An analysis of the church in the Soviet Union, and communist operations in America.  Bundy is director of the Church League of America.

Bunzel, John H., Political Passages:  Journeys of Change Through Two Decades, 1968-1988.  New York:  The Free Press, 1988.  354pp.

Reminiscent of Crossman's The God That Failed, this is a collection of essays describing the odyssey of 12 radicals and liberals of the sixties who have moved to the Right.  Those once active in the anti-Vietnam War movement, in SDS, in the drug culture and in the women's movement describe how they became disillusioned with liberalism/leftism and embraced a more conservative outlook on life.  Some of the former socialists and/or radicals include Michael Novak, Joseph Epstein, Julius Lester and David Horowitz.  An intriguing set of mini-autobiographies which provide insight into the lure, and poverty, of radicalism.  Bunzel, also a former radical, now is a Senior Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution.

Butterfield, Fox, China:  Alive in the Bitter Sea.  New York:  Times Books, 1982.  468pp.

In this important work Butterfield examines what life in China is really like.  He discusses the family, sex, politics, the arts, the peasantry, industry, dissent, and the economy.  The Chinese Gulag is discussed in detail, as is the new class in China -- the ruling communist élite.  Butterfield also reports on the standard of living in China, which, he says, has not improved as much as previously thought.  Butterfield, who spent 20 months in China, is an award-winning journalist for the New York Times.

Canh, Nguyen Van, Vietnam Under Communism, 1975-1982.  Stanford, California:  Hoover Institution Press, 1983.  312pp.

What has been the fate of Vietnam since the triumph of communism?  In this detailed study Canh looks at Vietnamese society, culture, education, economy, and foreign policy.  Special attention is paid to the "re-education" camps and other repressive measures imposed upon the people the communists claim to have liberated.  Canh also looks at the persecution of religion in Vietnam.  A valuable look at a new communist police state.  Canh, who was born and lived in Vietnam until the fall of South Vietnam, is currently a visiting scholar at the Hoover Institution.

Chambers, Whittaker, Witness.  New York:  Random House, 1952.  808pp.

This is the dramatic and important autobiography of Whittaker Chambers, a ranking member of the American Communist Party who converted to Christianity and anti-communism.  A powerful story of communist activity in America;  the Alger Hiss spy case;  and one man's struggle with the greatest threat to the free world:  communism.  A monumental tribute to the great conflict of our time:  communism and atheism versus freedom and Christianity.

Christian, Shirley, Nicaragua:  Revolution in the Family.  New York:  Random House, 1985.  337pp.

With so many books out on Nicaragua arguing that the Sandinistas are the latest Marxist messiahs, it is refreshing to read a book like Christian's, which gives an impartial, balanced treatment of what really is happening in Marxist Nicaragua.  The book describes events prior to the 1979 revolution, and developments since then.  Christian is a reporter for the New York Times.

Churba, Joseph, The American Retreat.  Chicago:  Regnery Gateway, 1984.  251pp.

This book focuses on America's declining defensive posture in the face of increasing Soviet militarism and adventurism.  Churba argues that America's underestimation of Soviet imperialism is a major cause of Soviet gains -- and Western losses -- in Africa, Central America, the Persian Gulf, and elsewhere.  Churba is director of the Center for International Security in Washington.

Churchill, Winston II, Defending the West.  Westport, Connecticut:  Arlington House, 1981.  256pp.

Churchill, grandson of the late Prime Minister, and a member of the British Parliament, has written an important and timely book on Western weaknesses and communist strengths.  Churchill argues that the West needs a strengthening of national will along with military rebuilding to adequately meet the challenge of Soviet imperialism.

Collier, Peter and David Horowitz, Destructive Generation:  Second Thoughts About the Sixties.  New York:  Summit Books, 1989.  352pp.

In the late '60s the authors were editors of the radical magazine, Ramparts, and very much involved in the New Left.  Recently, however, they have come to have second thoughts on the radicalism they had earlier espoused.  In this collection of articles they examine the personalities and events of the destructive '60s;  look at the effects they have upon today's political and social landscape;  and recount their own particular pilgrimages.  They conclude that "the radical future is an illusion and that the American present is worth defending."  An important account of the radical '60s and its impact by two radicals-turned-conservative.

Conquest, Robert, The Great Terror:  Stalin's Purges of the Thirties.  New York:  Collier Books, 1968, 1973.  844pp.

This is a detailed account of the horrible reign of terror of Stalin in the 1930s.  Included are the show trials, the Ukrainian famine, the concentration camps, and Western naivety.  A fascinating and revealing piece of history.  Conquest is an English writer and historian.

Conquest, Robert, Harvest of Sorrow:  Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine.  New York:  Oxford University Press, 1986.  412pp.

This is the horrible story of how Stalin deliberately caused the Ukrainian famine of 1932, 1933.  An estimated 7-14 million people died as a result of Stalin's collectivization and de-kulakization.  An important work, all the more so since the Soviet government has only just recently admitted that the famine even took place.

Conquest, Robert, Kolyma:  The Arctic Death Camps.  New York:  The Viking Press, 1978.  254p.

Most people are aware of the horrors of the Nazi concentration camps.  But very few people know about the horrible labour camps in the Soviet Union -- camps which are more numerous, and if possible, more cruel, than their Nazi counterparts.  This is the gruesome story of one Siberian labour camp where more than three million people perished between 1932 and 1954.  Conquest's book is painstakingly researched, based on seventeen first-hand accounts.  The story produced offers a picture of Soviet brutality most people could not imagine possible.  Nauseating but necessary reading.

Conquest, Robert, Present Danger:  Towards a Foreign Policy.  Oxford:  Basil Blackwell, 1979.  159pp.

In this volume Conquest examines the nature and aims of the current Soviet leadership.  He shows how Western, and particularly British, foreign policy should be formulated and conducted in response to the Soviet menace.  Arms agreements, human rights, the Western alliance, the Third World, the United Nations, and detente are among the many subjects discussed.  Conquest is an authority on Soviet affairs.  A valuable work.

Conway, David, A Farewell to Marx:  An Outline and Appraisal of His Theories.  New York:  Penguin Books, 1987.  231pp.

In this helpful study, Conway, an English professor of philosophy, demonstrates the major shortcomings of Marx's views of human nature, politics, ideology, economics and history.  "Marx fails to make a valid case either for the contention that capitalism is inferior to socialism or for the contention that capitalism is destined to give way to socialism."

Corson, William R. and Robert T. Crowley, The New KGB:  Engine of Soviet Power.  New York:  William Morrow and Company, 1985.  560pp.

How did the KGB originate?  How does it operate in Washington?  How does it use "peace groups"?  How does it infiltrate freedom fighters?  How does it control people in the Soviet Union?  How does it plan subversion abroad?  How does it plan and carry out assassinations and revolutions?  These and many other questions are competently dealt with in this thoroughly documented book.  The authors are experts in intelligence work.  A fine history of the KGB and an excellent analysis of its growth, development, operations, philosophy and activities.  Essential reading on a major adversary to freedom and democracy in today's world.

Crossman, Richard, ed., The God That Failed:  Six Studies in Communism.  London:  Hamish Hamilton, 1950.  272pp.

In this book six former communists describe their journey into communism and their repudiation of it.  The six men are:  Arthur Koestler, Ignazio Silone, Andre Gide, Richard Wright, Louis Fischer and Stephen Spender.  A fascinating collection of stories.

Crozier, Brian, Soviet Imperialism:  How To Contain It.  London:  Temple Smith, 1978.  224pp.

This book discusses the Cold War -- what Crozier calls World War III -- and the nature of Soviet expansionism.  In great detail he documents how the Soviets have exploited Western weaknesses in extending their power throughout the globe.  Crozier is a British news correspondent and regular contributor to National Review.

Crozier, Brian, Drew Middleton and Jeremy Murray-Brown, This War Called Peace.  New York:  Universe Books, 1985.  307pp.

This book describes East-West relations since World War II, focusing on Soviet global ambitions.  The authors demonstrate how the Soviets seek nothing less than world domination, and call upon the West to renew its moral and strategic resolve to resist this onslaught of communist totalitarianism.

Curry, Dean C., A World Without Tyranny:  Christian Faith and International Politics.  Westchester, Illinois:  Crossway Books, 1990.  256pp.

Should Christians be involved in international politics?  If so, how?  Curry, a political science professor at a Christian college, addresses this and related questions in this informed and readable study.  Dealing with such topics as peace, justice, freedom, tyranny, democracy, human rights, and Third World development, Curry lays out a biblical foundation for Christian involvement in world politics.  He also provides a defense of freedom and democratic capitalism, while chastizing the church for its tendency to indulge in utopianism.  A very fine work.

Daniels, Robert V., The Nature of Communism.  New York:  Vintage Books, 1962.  398pp.

This older work is still a valuable source of information on what communism is all about.  Daniels discusses communist theory, the Bolshevik revolution, the Communist Party, Soviet communism, religion under communism, and communist tyranny.  A scholarly and informative work.

DeKoster, Lester, Communism and Christian Faith.  Grand Rapids, Michigan:  Eerdmans, 1956, 1962.  158pp.

This is a helpful volume on the nature of Marxism and its relationship to Christianity.  Marxist theory and practice are discussed, and the antithetical nature of communism and Christianity is explained.  DeKoster is of the Christian Reformed tradition.

DeKoster, Lester, Vocabulary of Communism.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1964.  224pp.

In this helpful volume DeKoster gives definitions of major terms, key ideas and significant theories of communism.  He also provides short biographies of key figures and important events.  A useful dictionary on basic Marxist terms and ideas by a leading Christian authority on communism.

d'Encausse, Helene Carrere, Confiscated Power:  How Soviet Russia Really Works.  New York:  Harper and Row, 1980, 1982.  401pp.

This is an inside look at the workings of the Soviet Union.  An interesting and informative work on life in the Soviet Union.  The author is a political science professor in Paris, and a leading authority on Soviet affairs.

Djilas, Milovan, The New Class:  An Analysis of the Communist System.  New York:  Frederick A. Praeger, 1957, 1962.  214pp.

Djilas, who was Vice President of Communist Yugoslavia, has written much on the nature of communism.  Here he shows how communism necessarily develops a new, elitist class whenever it comes to power, a class which holds the masses in a condition of slavery.  Tyranny rather than freedom, says Djilas, is the inevitable price of communism.

Djilas, Milovan, The Unperfect Society:  Beyond the New Class.  New York:  Harcourt, Brace and World, 1969.  267pp.

In this volume Djilas refutes the "scientific" bases for communist ideology.  The promised perfect, classless society never has existed and never will exist.  Once it comes to power, communism, like all forms of utopianism, can only result in tyranny.  Djilas knows this from experience, having spent nine years in prison in Yugoslavia for his anti-communist views.

Doan, Van Thai and David Chanoff, The Vietnamese Gulag.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1979, 1986.  351pp.

This is the story of the fate of South Vietnam after the communist takeover as portrayed in the life of Doan.  A mix of biography and autobiography, this volume gives a detailed and personalized account of communist tyranny and savagery.  Doan, who once supported the communists, fled Vietnam in 1978 and now lives in California.

Dolgun, Alexander with Patrick Watson, Alexander Dolgun's Story:  An American In the Gulag.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf, 1975.  370pp.

This is one of a number of stories about men and women who have experienced the Soviet prison camps, and have lived to tell about it.  For eight torturous years Dolgun was a prisoner, and for another fifteen years he was not allowed to leave Russia.  A shocking and disturbing book, but must reading for understanding the true nature of Soviet communism.

Dolot, Miron, Execution By Hunger:  The Hidden Holocaust.  New York:  W.W. Norton and Company, 1985.  231pp.

Most of the victims of the deliberately caused famine in Ukraine in 1932-33 did not live to tell about it.  Dolot is one survivor who here presents a chilling account of that particular hell.  The horrors of Stalinism, the courage and determination of the human soul, and the story of seven million executions are all covered in this gruesome but necessary account.  Dolot now lives in California where he teaches Slavic languages.

Eberstadt, Nick, The Poverty of Communism.  New Brunswick, New Jersey:  Transaction Books, 1988.  317pp.

Marxist-Leninist states have long claimed special success against poverty.  In this collection of essays, all written in the early to mid-1980s, Eberstadt demonstrates decisively that poverty -- by all indices -- is in fact widespread in communist countries.  The Soviet Union, China and Cuba serve as the main focus of this book, but other Marxist states are covered as well.  An important volume, well-documented with extensive statistical study.  A sobering assessment of actual progress against poverty in the communist world.  Eberstadt is a visiting fellow at the Harvard University Center for Population Studies.

Ebon, Martin, The Andropov File:  The Life and Ideas of Yuri V. Andropov, General Secretary of the Communist Party.  New York:  McGraw-Hill, 1983.  285pp.

Although Andropov led the Soviet Union for only a short time (November 1982-February 1984), this volume clearly shows what type of person a Soviet leader must be to reach the pinnacle of power in Communist Russia.  This book traces his rise to power, and shows what a formidable foe he and other Soviet leaders are to deal with.  Ebon is an expert in Soviet affairs.

Ebon, Martin, The Soviet Propaganda Machine.  New York:  McGraw-Hill, 1987.  471pp.

This is a well documented and highly detailed account of Soviet propaganda activities.  Ebon carefully spells out the methods, aims and successes of the massive Soviet propaganda war.  He makes clear the nature of the battle the West is engaged in with the Soviet Union.  Important reading.

Evans, M. Stanton, The Politics of Surrender.  New York:  Devin-Adair Company, 1966.  568pp.

Although dated by two decades, this book is still as relevant as ever in describing -- and indicting -- Liberalism's naive and dangerous stranglehold on American foreign policy.  It is this misguided approach of Liberalism in international affairs that has allowed communism to make so much progress since 1945.  As such, the Cold War is not so much being won by the communists as it is being lost by the West.

Gilbert, Martin, Shcharansky:  Hero of Our Time.  New York:  Viking, 1986.  467pp.

Like so many other Jews in the Soviet Union, Shcharansky had one over-riding desire:  to depart for Israel.  For this desire he was sentenced to thirteen years in prison and labour camps.  This biography traces the life of Shcharansky, especially his nine year stay in the Gulag, until his release in February 1986.  A chilling and memorable story -- reminiscent of Solzhenitsyn's -- of one man's courage and hope, and one system's cruelty and horror.  Also an important look at the refuseniks and the Soviet attempt to stamp them out.

Goldsmith, Martin, Communism.  London:  Vine Books, 1976, 1978.  27pp.

In this brief booklet Goldsmith, a British evangelical, describes the rise of Marxism and how it operates in the world today.  A Christian assessment of Marxism is also included, focusing on the concepts of God, man, morals and justice.

Goldman, Marshall I., USSR In Crisis:  The Failure of an Economic System.  New York:  W.W. Norton and Company, 1983.  210pp.

Goldman is associate director of the Russian Research Center at Harvard University.  In this well-written volume, Goldman describes in detail the sad state of the Soviet economy.  He shows how waste, mismanagement, corruption, economic decline and bureaucratic strangulation are a necessary result of the Marxist planning model.  A valuable work.

Golitsyn, Anatoliy, New Lies For Old:  The Communist Strategy of Deception and Disinformation.  New York:  Dodd, Mead and Company, 1984.  412pp.

After serving with the KGB for more than fifteen years, Golitsyn defected to the West.  He brought with him a wealth of information on how the Soviet Union is actively and continuously working on subverting the West by means of a massive propaganda, misinformation, and deception campaign.  This work traces the history of such Soviet measures, and shows how the West has often been duped by, or has not seen the seriousness of, the Soviet disinformation offensive.  An alarming and fact-filled volume.

Heller, Mikhail, Cogs in the Wheel:  The Formation of Soviet Man.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf, 1988.  293pp.

"Soviet history is in the final analysis the history of the formation of Soviet man ... the process that turns human beings into cogs."  How has the Soviet Union sought to create Homo Sovieticus, and what have been the results?  In this fascinating study Heller thoroughly examines Soviet social engineering.  He describes the methods used to control the Soviet populace -- of which fear is the main ingredient.  A detailed look at Soviet life:  the family, the school, the workplace and culture.  Heller is an expert in Sovietology.

Heller, Mikhail and Aleksandr M. Nekrich, Utopia In Power:  The History of the Soviet Union From 1917 To the Present.  New York:  Summit Books, 1986.  877pp.

Originally published in Russian and French in 1982, this is a massive and expert account of Soviet Russian history.  Both authors were born and educated in Russia, and now reside in the West.  Thus inside information is coupled with outside objectivity.  The most helpful, detailed and learned account of Soviet Russia thus far produced.  An outstanding work.  Heller now teaches at the Sorbonne in Paris, while Nekrich teaches at Harvard.

Hoeven, Johan van der, Karl Marx:  The Roots of His Thought.  Toronto:  Wedge Publishing Foundation, 1976.  109pp.

This book discusses the philosophical and historical background to Marx's thought.  A scholarly and detailed survey of Marxist thought, with a Christian analysis provided throughout.  A helpful volume.

Hollander, Paul, Political Pilgrims:  Travels of Western Intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China and Cuba 1928-1978.  New York:  Harper Colophon Books, 1981.  526pp.

As the sub-title indicates, this is a study of Westerners who have toured Marxist lands only to return with glowing reports and praises for communism.  Hollander explores such credulity and naivety, and documents this "liberal death-wish", to use Muggeridge's phrase.  The double standards of liberalism -- denigrating pluralism and democracy, while lauding tyranny and dictatorship -- are amply displayed in this fascinating and extremely important work.  Must reading.  Hollander, a native of Hungary, is currently a Fellow at the Russian Research Center of Harvard.

Hook, Sidney, Marxism and Beyond.  Totowa, New Jersey:  Rownan and Littlefield, 1983.  225pp.

In this volume, former Marxist Sidney Hook has collected a number of his essays, old and new, on Marx and Marxism, Stalinism, democracy, and the Cold War.  An important set of articles by one of America's foremost Marxist scholars.  Hook, born in 1902, taught philosophy for many years at New York University.  He retired in 1972, and served as a Senior Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution of War, Revolution and Peace at Stanford University until his death in 1989.

Hook, Sidney, Out of Step:  An Unquiet Life in the Twentieth Century.  New York:  Harper and Row, 1987.  628pp.

Although most conservatives do not like Hook's democratic socialism, secular humanism, and atheism, they all applaud his passionate anti-communism and his devoted love of freedom.  This autobiography recounts the various turns of his life, from his early years as a communist fellow-traveller to his later strident anti-communism.  An engaging look at an unquiet and uncommon man.  Fascinating reading.

Hook, Sidney, Vladimir Bukovsky and Paul Hollander, Soviet Hypocrisy and Western Gullibility.  Washington, DC:  Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1987.  65pp.

Does the age of "glasnost" and "perestroika" signal the end of Soviet expansionism and totalitarianism?  Is real peace now an objective of the Soviet Union?  Not according to these authors.  The Soviets still use the idea of peace as a political weapon, and are still engaged in a war of propaganda against the West.  And the West remains naive and gullible.  These three essays clearly show how the Soviets exploit Western misperceptions and delusions about the Soviet Union.  Hook (a former Marxist), Hollander (born in Hungary) and Bukovsky (a 12-year veteran of the Soviet Gulag) are well qualified to write on these issues.

Hoover, J. Edgar, Masters of Deceit:  the Story of Communism in America and How to Fight It.  New York:  Henry Holt and Company, 1958.  374pp.

In this classic but dated work, the former director of the FBI extensively and meticulously details the workings of communists in America.  Topics treated include:  the rise of communism;  life in the Party;  communist strategy and tactics;  the communist underground;  and how communism can be countered.  A helpful expose of communist aims and practices.

Hoover, J. Edgar, A Study of Communism.  New York:  Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962.  212pp.

In this work Hoover provides a clear and detailed account of communist tactics and objectives.  Discussed is the communist seizure and consolidation of power;  the nature of communist imperialism;  communist strategy in the United States;  and the differences between communism and freedom.  A valuable, if dated, source of information on how communists think and operate.

Hunt, R.N. Carew, The Theory and Practice of Communism.  Baltimore:  Penguin Books, 1950, 1971.  315pp.

This is an excellent study on the philosophy and practice of Marxism.  The history of European socialism and Soviet communism is discussed and critiqued.  A helpful and informative work by an expert on Marxism.  Hunt worked in the English Civil Service, and died in 1959.

Hyde, Douglas, Communism Today.  Notre Dame, Indiana:  University of Notre Dame Press, 1972, 1973.  173pp.

This book is a survey of the rise and development of Marxism, and a discussion of contemporary Marxism.  Hyde has written over a dozen books on communism, and was himself a member of the Communist Party until he became a Catholic in 1948.  A helpful overview of Marxist development.

Kaiser, Robert G., Russia:  The People and the Power.  New York:  Pocket Books, 1976.  557pp.

A detailed look at the Soviet Union, with discussions of its rulers, government, arts, sciences, culture, economy, and lifestyles.  An illuminating picture of life in Russia.  Kaiser is a journalist and Washington Post correspondent.

Kaminskaya, Dina, Final Judgment:  My Life as a Soviet Defense Attorney.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1982.  364pp.

As difficult as it is to work in the pseudo legal system of the Soviet Union, Kaminskaya served for 37 years as a defence attorney, defending such "enemies of the State" as Vladimir Bukovsky.  This book provides a personal account of one woman's courageous stand for justice in the Soviet Union;  and gives a detailed look at the decadent and bogus Soviet legal system.  Her heroic stand for truth and justice caused her and her husband, Konstantin Simis, to be expelled from the Soviet Union in 1977.  A remarkable book by a remarkable woman.  Fascinating reading.

Kessler, Ronald, Spy vs. Spy:  Stalking Soviet Spies in America.  New York:  Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.  308pp.

In this inside look at the deadly world of international espionage, Kessler provides a detailed account of how the FBI catches Soviet spies.  Recent cases involving spies like Pelton, Pollard and the Walkers are studied;  the damage inflicted upon the West by Soviet spies is assessed;  and close-up views of the lives of espionage agents are presented.  Kessler has been a correspondent for the Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post.

Kirkpatrick, Jeane J., Legitimacy and Force.  2 vols.  New Brunswick, New Jersey:  Transaction Books, 1988.  Vol. 1, 486pp;  Vol. 2, 421pp.

The U.S. has been fortunate lately in having tough-willed and tough-minded representatives to the United Nations.  Patrick Moynihan (1975-76), Vernon Walters (1985-present) and Kirkpatrick (1981-85) were and are some of our best.  These two volumes contain Kirkpatrick's state papers:  addresses, speeches, statements and congressional testimonies.  Volume one deals with "Political and Moral Dimensions";  Volume two with "National and International Dimensions."  Fascinating and powerful reading.

Koestler, Arthur, Darkness At Noon.  New York:  Macmillan, 1941.  222pp.

This is one of a number of famous novels written by Koestler which describe the horrors of communism -- especially Soviet communism.  Koestler was a member of the Communist Party from 1931 to 1938, and spent a good deal of his remaining life warning of the evils of communism.  A moving and unforgettable novel.  Koestler died in 1983.

Kolakowski, Leszek, Main Currents of Marxism.  3 vols.  Oxford:  Oxford University Press, 1978.  434, 542, 548pp.

Although Kolakowski still regards himself as a socialist, I had to include this monumental work.  This is one of the finest and most thorough analyses and critiques of Marxism recently published.  The thought of Marx and his successors is brilliantly surveyed and assessed.  The failings of Marxism, and its offspring Leninist-Stalinism, are eloquently explored.  A devastating critique of what Kolakowski calls the "greatest fantasy of our century".  Vitally important reading.  Kolakowski was a philosophy professor in Warsaw until expelled from Poland in 1968.  He now teaches at Oxford.

Kravchenko, Victor, I Chose Freedom:  the Personal and Political Life of a Soviet Official.  Garden City, New York:  Garden City Publishing Company, 1946, 1947.  496pp.

The true story of a leading Soviet official who became disaffected with the lies and terrors of Soviet communism and who eventually defected to the West.  A gripping and powerful story, and a testimony to the extreme differences between totalitarian communism and the free West.

Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Erik von, Leftism:  From de Sade and Marx to Hitler and Marcuse.  New Rochelle, New York:  Arlington House, 1974.  653pp.

The purpose of this book, says the author, is to show how various leftist ideologies of the modern world "are competitors rather than enemies".  He expounds on the leftist mind;  traces its historical evolution, studies different manifestations of it;  and contrasts it to liberalism and conservatism.  An ambitious and learned work by a leading European conservative and Catholic.  Born in Austria in 1909, the author still writes columns for the National Review.

Lamphere, Robert J. and Tom Shachtman, The FBI-KGB War:  a Special Agent's Story.  New York:  Random House.  1986.  320pp.

As an FBI special agent, Lamphere was actively involved in the detection and/or arrests of a number of important comunist spies, includlng the Rosenbergs, Eisler, Fuchs, and Coplan.  Using newly intercepted Soviet secret messages, the FBI and Lamphere uncovered a vast spy network operating in America, and were able to expose and slow down its activities to a considerrable degree.  This thrilling story provides an inside account of how this process occurred.  Lamphere retired from the FBI in 1955, after fourteen years of service.

Lee, Francis Nigel, Communist Eschatlogy:  A Christian Philosophical Analysis of the Post-Capitalistic Views of Marx, Engels and Lenin, Nutley, New Jersey:  Craig Press, 1974, 1177pp.

In this massive work, originally a doctoral dissertation, Lee exhaustively examines the history and doctrines of Marxist thought, and critiques it from a Calvinistic viewpoint.  This is one of the most detailed, well-documented and scholarly studies on the subject written by a Christian that I know of.  There are over 125 pages of notes and 80 pages of bibliography alone.  Lee teaches theology and is an attorney in South Africa.

Lee, William T., and Richard F. Staar, Soviet Military Policy Since World War Two.  Stanford, California:  Hoover Institution Press, 1986.  263pp,

In this volume two experts on Soviet foreign policy analyse and spell out in detail the aims, methods and philosophy of Soviet military strategy and doctrine.  The authors argue that to understand Soviet military policy, we must see it from their perspective, and not from a Western perspective.  A very thoroughly researched and documented volume.  An up-to-date and valuable sourcebook on current Soviet military thinking.

LeFever, Ernest W., and Roy Godson, The CIA and the American Ethic:  An Unfinished Debate.  Washington, DC:  Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1979.  161pp.

There are plenty of books on the market today attacking the CIA and the American intelligence community.  This volume gives a well-reasoned defence of the CIA, and shows the crucial importance of Western foreign intelligence services.  The authors look at the moral, political and strategic implications of the intelligence establishment, and conclude that the survival of the West depends upon an unhampered and healthy intelligence network.  A valuable work.

Lefever, Ernest and Robert D. Vander Lugt, eds., Perestroika:  How New Is Gorbachev's New Thinking?  Washington, DC:  Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1989, 245pp.

"The essays in this volume range from scepticism to guarded optimism in assessing Gorbachev's drive to restructure his country's economy and foreign policy."  Essayists include American statesmen, such as Henry Kissinger, Ronald Reagan, Jeane Kirkpatrick and Zbigniew Brzezinski;  American scholars and journalists such as Robert Tucker, George Will and Patrick Buchanan;  European commentators like Jean-Francois Revel and Margaret Thatcher;  and Soviet dissidents such as Natan Sharansky and Vladimir Bukovsky.  A very fine set of articles exploring the limits of glasnost and perestroika.

Levy, Bernard-Henri, Barbarism With a Human Face.  New York:  Harper and Row, 1977, 1979.  210pp.

Levy is a part of a group of French intellectuals who abandoned their love affair with Marxism upon waking up to the horrors of Soviet communism, especially by reading Solzhenitsyn's Gulag Archipelago.  "The Gulag," says Levy, "is not a blunder or an accident ... but the necessary corollary of ... socialism."  This book is a spirited renunciation of an obsolete and failed system.

Lewy, Guenter, America in Vietnam.  New York:  Oxford University Press, 1978.  540pp.

Of the dozens of books written on Vietnam, very few are not from a liberal viewpoint.  This is one such book.  Making use of newly released classified defence records, Lewy constructs a balanced and thorough account of the war.  He clears up many misconceptions and misunderstandings of the war, and deals with the moral criticisms levelled against the United States.  A valuable work on a controversial subject.

Luttwak, Edward N., The Grand Strategy of the Soviet Union.  New York:  St. Martin's Press, 1983.  242pp.

In this fine book, Luttwak lays bare the nature of the Soviet system:  its aims, goals and methods as an expansionist world power.  An important work on geo-political strategy.  Luttwak is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies at Georgetown University.

Luttwak, Edward N., On the Meaning of Victory:  Essays On Strategy.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1986.  315pp.

Luttwak is one of the leading defence strategists in America today.  This valuable collection of essays deals with such subjects as:  the arms race;  East-West relations;  Afghanistan;  SALT II;  nuclear deterrence;  and military strategy.  An important and scholarly work.

Luttwak, Edward N., The Pentagon and the Art of War:  The Question of Military Reform.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1985.  333pp.

This is another important work by a leading thinker on military strategy.  This book discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. military.  Critiques of the defence establishment are balanced with proposals for reform.  Must reading for anyone concerned about America's defence potential.

Luttwak, Edward N., Strategy:  The Logic of War and Peace.  Cambridge, Massachusetts:  Harvard University Press, 1987.  283pp.

In a superb blend of theory and military history, Luttwak here presents a fine definition and exposition of the nature of strategy.  International relations, war and peace, military science, and East-West relations are all covered in this important work.  Luttwak develops and illustrates a workable theory of the paradoxical nature of strategy.  This is Luttwak at his best.

Lyon, David, Karl Marx.  Tring, Herts, England:  Lion Publishing, 1979.  192pp.

Lyon is an evangelical and a sociologist living in England.  This book is both a biography of Marx and an assessment of his thought.  Lyon gives a solid Christian critique of Marxist ideology and thought.  A very helpful book on the Christian response to Marx.

Lyons, Eugene, Workers' Paradise Lost.  New York:  Twin Circle Publishing, 1967.  440pp.

This is a scorching critique of Soviet communism.  An excellent discussion of the history, nature and goals of the Soviet Union.  Lyons was himself a Marxist sympathizer until he went to Moscow as a correspondent and witnessed the reality of the "workers' paradise".  Lyons died in 1985.

McFadden, Charles J., Christianity Confronts Communism.  Chicago:  Franciscan Herald Press, 1982.  423pp.

This is a detailed and thorough assessment of Marxist communism by a Catholic educator.  Included are analyses of Marxist thinking on man, history, the state, religion, morality, and the church.  A helpful introduction to Marxist thought, and the Christian critique of it.

Manne, Robert, The Petrov Affair:  Politics and Espionage.  Sydney:  Pergamon, 1987.  310pp.

This is the story of the April 1954 defections of Vladimir Petrov and his wife.  Based upon newly released files from ASIO and the Royal Commission, this volume dispels many of the myths perpetrated by the Left regarding the defection and Menzies' role in it, in particular the myth that Menzies orchestrated the defection in order to win an election.  Well documented (30 pages of notes) and well written, this is the finest and most accurate analysis of the Petrov Affair available.  Manne is currently Editor of Quadrant, Australia's leading conservative journal.

Martin, Rose L., Fabian Freeway:  High Road to Socialism in the USA.  1884-1966.  Chicago:  Heritage Foundation, 1966.  566pp.

Fabian Freeway discusses the rise of Fabian Socialism in Great Britain and the United States.  Martin argues that many Fabians are now in high places in the U.S. Government, and that Fabian Socialism inevitably leads to communism.  An intriguing and well-documented work.

Menges, Constantine C., Inside the National Security Council.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1988.  418pp.

From 1983 to 1986 Menges served as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.  This book is a behind-the-scenes look at the "making and unmaking of Reagan's foreign policy."  Menges argues that the Reagan Revolution was undermined by George Schultz and senior State Department officials, especially in its strategy in Central America.  A revealing book which deals with all the major figures -- North, Poindexter, McFarlane, Kirkpatrick, Weinberger, Bush, et al -- and events -- the Iran-Contra affair, the liberation of Grenada, etc -- involved in the making of foreign policy during the Reagan administration.  A fascinating volume.

Meyer, Frank S., The Moulding of Communists:  The Training of the Communist Cadre.  New York:  Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1961.  214pp.

How are people recruited into the Communist Party?  What does the communist indoctrination process entail?  How does the communist cadre differ from other groups?  These and similar questions are answered by an expert in the field.  Meyer was a Communist Party leader for fourteen years, active in propaganda work in the United States, Great Britain, and Europe.  Thus this book provides an insider's view of how communists are recruited, trained, and used by Moscow.  An important look at the enemy we face.

Moore, John Norton, The Secret War in Central America:  Sandinista Assault on World Order.  Frederick, Maryland:  University Publications of America, 1987.  195pp.

This is an important and scholarly study of the communist threat in Nicaragua.  Moore examines a number of issues:  the historical background of the conflict;  issues of international law involved;  Sandinista propaganda and misinformation campaigns;  the assault on the Miskito Indians;  the destabilization of neighbouring countries;  and tyranny in Nicaragua.  A well researched and well documented expose of the Sandinista regime.  Moore is Director of the Center for Law and National Security at the University of Virginia School of Law.

Moser, Charles, ed., Combat On Communist Territory.  Chicago:  Regnery Gateway, 1985.  241pp.

This is a collection of stories of freedom fighters in various communist nations struggling against tyranny.  Countries highlighted include Angola, Nicaragua, Mozambique, Grenada, Cambodia and Afghanistan.  An inspiring portrait of courage and resistance, as well as a challenge to the Free World to get more involved in the struggle for freedom around the globe.

Mosher, Steven W., Broken Earth:  The Rural Chinese.  New York:  The Free Press, 1983.  317pp.

Broken Earth is an account of Steven Mosher's year spent in a rural Chinese village.  It is an in-depth personal report of conditions in communist China.  He describes in detail the harshness and difficulty of life under communism.  An important and absorbing look at life in the world's largest communist country.

Murray, William J., Nicaragua:  Portrait of a Tragedy.  Toronto:  Main-roads Productions, 1987.  189pp.

The son of Madalyn Murray O'Hair, Murray has recently repudiated his mother's atheism and Marxism, and has come to embrace Christianity and conservatism.  In this volume he traces the course of events in Nicaragua since the 1979 revolution, detailing the sufferings the people and the Church have endured as the Marxists consolidate their power.  A good analysis of the danger this communist regime poses to Latin America.

Nixon, Richard, 1999:  Victory Without War.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1988.  336pp.

What must be done in the remaining years of this century to assure the survival, strength and prosperity of the United States?  How do we relate to Gorbachev?  Do we go ahead with SDI?  How do we deal with the Third World?  Are arms-control deals of any value?  These and related topics are covered by the former President.  The supreme challenge of this century, says Nixon, is "winning victory for freedom without war".  This book offers a strategy to fulfil this goal.  An important analysis of the United States and the West by a keen observer of international affairs.

Nixon, Richard, No More Vietnams.  New York:  Arbor House, 1985.  240pp.

In this volume Nixon gives an overview of the history of US involvement in Vietnam.  He examines the moral, political and military aspects of the war, and discusses the problems and mistakes America made while there.  He looks at past failures and proposes new options for future foreign policy.  A helpful inside look at the war from one personally involved in its development.

Nixon, Richard, Real Peace.  Boston:  Little, Brown and Company, 1983, 1984.  107pp.

In this perceptive essay, Nixon proscribes "hard-headed detente" as our only effective bargaining tool in East-West relations.  Real peace is not the avoidance of conflict, but the right means of living with conflict.  By a realistic mixture of detente and deterrence we can obtain real peace, argues the author.  Nixon is an astute observer of foreign affairs and international relations.

Nixon, Richard, The Real War.  New York:  Warner Books, 1980, 1981.  366pp.

In this book the former president describes the war we are in -- the struggle between the West and communist Russia.  Nixon describes Soviet aims and strategies, and how the Soviets are operating in Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia, Europe and Latin America.  Soviet political, military and strategic power is assessed in the light of Western weakness and lack of resolve.  Nixon calls for a renewed Western response to Soviet expansionism, if we wish to preserve our freedoms.

North, Gary, Marx's Religion of Revolution:  The Doctrine of Creative Destruction.  Nutley, New Jersey:  The Craig Press, 1968.  253pp.

In this volume North gives a survey and critique of Marx's major doctrines, and analyses his economic system.  North reviews Marxism from a Christian viewpoint, as well as from a free market economics perspective.  A helpful and educated study on Marx's thought.

Norval, Morgan, Red Star Over Southern Africa.  Washington, DC:  Selous Foundation Press, 1988.  218pp.

What are the interests and aims of the Soviet Union in southern Africa in general and South Africa in particular?  The vital sea lanes off the Cape of Good Hope and the abundant strategic resources found in South Africa are two key prizes the Soviets are eyeing.  This volume documents past Soviet ambitions and activities in Africa, and pinpoints present Soviet intrigues in southern Africa.  An important exposé of the Soviet threat to Africa, and the danger it poses to the free world.

Oberg, James E., Uncovering Soviet Disasters:  Exploring the Limits of Glasnost.  New York:  Random House, 1988.  317pp.

The Chernobyl catastrophe is but the latest of a long line of disasters which have occurred in the Soviet Union, but have been covered up by the authorities.  Oberg records the dozens of incidents of catastrophes which highlight the second-rate technological capabilities of the Soviet Union;  the third-rate treatment of its own citizens and their safety;  and the fourth-rate ability of the leaders to be honest about their failures.  An alarming and well documented book.  Oberg is an aerospace engineer and an expert on Soviet space activities.

O'Connor, Michael, To Live In Peace.  Melbourne:  Melbourne University Press, 1985.  176pp.

This is a scholarly study of Australian defence policy and ability.  The author argues that Australian national security is fragile indeed, and that immediate steps must be taken to redress this weakness.  A strong deterrent force must be established to both protect Australia and contribute to the security of the Western alliance.  A detailed, well researched and well argued volume.  An important warning.

Overstreet, Harry and Bonaro Overstreet, What We Must Know About Communism.  New York:  Pocket Books, 1958, 1960.  310pp.

This volume describes the origins and development of communism in Russia;  the tactics and stratagems of the communists in America;  and the major conflict of our day:  freedom versus communist tyranny.  Although rather dated, this is still a helpful account of the nature of Soviet communism and the threat it poses to the West.

Pacepa, Ion Mihai, Red Horizons:  Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief.  Washington DC:  Regnery Gateway, 1987.  446pp.

General Pacepa was acting director of the Romanian Intelligence Service until his defection in 1978.  In this revealing book, the horrid world of Romania's late megalomaniac ruler, Nicolae Ceausescu and his regime are presented in minute detail.  What emerges is a most intimate portrait of a communist dictatorship.  The intrigue, deception, brutality and blood-letting are vividly described.  So too is Ceausescu's role in international terrorism, especially his close ties with Arafat and Gadhafi.  A riveting exposé of unchecked power.

Payne, Douglas W., The Democratic Mask:  The Consolidation of the Sandinista Revolution.  New York:  Freedom House, 1985.  107pp.

This is a detailed chronological study of events in Nicaragua between early 1979 and early 1985.  Payne documents the slow but steady consolidation of power by the Marxist-Leninist regime.  The suppression of the church;  the closure of newspapers;  the elimination of opposition parties;  the build-up of the army and secret police;  the propaganda offensive;  the repression of the Miskito Indians;  and the restriction of freedoms are all covered.  A valuable account of communist seizure of power.

Pincer, Chapman, The Secret Offensive.  New York:  St. Martin's Press, 1985.  314pp.

Pincher, an investigative journalist from England, has put together a well-documented and detailed account of Soviet "active measures" of propaganda and disinformation in Britain in particular and the West in general.  Pincher shows with clear thinking and hard evidence how Moscow is manipulating "peace" movements, labour unions, church groups, education and the media.  An informative and startling expose of Soviet espionage and deception.  A very helpful book.

Pipes, Richard, Survival Is Not Enough:  Soviet Realities and America's Future.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1984.  302pp.

This book is a brilliant and necessary analysis of the Soviet system and its hegemonic designs.  Pipes clearly appraises the Soviet threat to the Free World, showing how its internal economic and political crises are closely linked to its external expansionist policies.  Pipes is professor of Russian history at Harvard University.

Podhoretz, Norman, The Present Danger.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1980.  109pp.

This is an important essay on the supreme conflict of our age:  the struggle between Soviet communism and the Free World.  An excellent analysis of the past four decades of superpower rivalry.  Podhoretz calls for a strengthening of will to resist "the Finlandization of America".  Podhoretz, another former radical, is currently editor of Commentary.

Podhoretz, Norman, Why We Were In Vietnam.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1982.  240pp.

This is an account of how and why America got into and out of Vietnam.  Podhoretz chronicles our involvement in Vietnam and examines the moral criticism this provoked.  An important alternative to the general understanding on this subject, a book which does not minimize American mistakes and failings.  A commendable volume.

Revel, Jean-Francois, How Democracies Perish.  Garden City, New York:  Doubleday, 1984.  376pp.

This is a brilliant and perceptive study of the in-built weaknesses of democracies as they face the assaults of totalitarian communism.  It is also an incisive and sobering account of how Soviet communism exploits these weaknesses to the full.  A masterful and pungent analysis of the war we are in.  My highest recommendations.

Revel, Jean-Francois, The Totalitarian Temptation.  New York:  Doubleday, 1976, 1977.  311pp.

This is a searing indictment of communism and its seduction of liberalism.  Both a defence of Western democracy and an attack on totalitarian communism, this work is perceptive and eye-opening.  Revel is a French political analyst and writer.

Robinson, Arthur and Gary North, Fighting Chance:  Ten Feet To Survival.  Cave Junction, Oregon:  Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, 1986.  289pp.

In this volume the authors argue for a civil defence system against Soviet missile attack.  They describe the need for such protection, and offer practical advice on how to bring it about.  The authors, a chemist and an economist, seek to give theological as well as political and military support for their argumentation.  A unique volume.

Roche, Lissa, ed., Scorpions In a Bottle:  Dangerous Ideas About the United States and the Soviet Union.  Hillsdale, Michigan:  Hillsdale College Press, 1986.  96pp.

In May of 1985 the Shavano Institute for National Leadership sponsored a conference on "Moral Equivalence:  False Images of U.S. and Soviet Values."  This volume demolishes the myth of moral equivalence -- the idea that the United States and the Soviet Union share a moral reciprocity.  Essays are by William Bennett, Jeane Kirkpatrick, Joseph Sobran, Peter Berger, Sidney Hook, Michael Novak, Irving Kristol, and Melvin Lasky.  An outstanding set of articles that depict the very real differences between the Soviets and the U.S.

Rossiter, Clinton, Marxism:  The View From America.  New York:  Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1960.  338pp.

This is a careful analysis of Marxism by a leading political scientist.  Marx's concepts of the state, man, society, and history are examined, and Marxism in American society is discussed.  Rossiter was Professor of American Institutions at Cornell University for many years.  He died in 1970.

Scammell, Michael, Solzhenitsyn:  A Biography.  New York:  W.W. Norton, 1984.  1051pp.

This is the first full length biography yet to appear on one of the great figures of our times.  It is a meticulous, well-documented, well-written and fascinating biography.  This book is a monumental and memorable work.  Must reading for all who would understand the man and the system that he has spent his life fighting.

Schwarz, Fred, You Can Trust Communists (to be Communists).  Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:  Prentice-Hall, 1960, 1962.  186pp.

This is a description of how communists operate:  how they manipulate and exploit societies;  how they seize and consolidate power;  how they hide their aims and intentions.  Schwarz has devoted his life to informing the world about the tactics and strategy of communism.  He left a successful medical practice in Australia to establish the California-based Christian Anti-Communist Crusade, of which he is still President.

Seabury, Paul and Walter A. McDougall, eds., The Grenada Papers.  San Francisco:  Institute For Contemporary Studies, 1984.  346pp.

In October 1983, US troops liberated Grenada from its Marxist rulers.  Vast quantities of documents were discovered which showed the wide range of subversive communist practices which had been occurring.  They revealed the amazing extent to which Soviet and Cuban forces were and are actively involved in fomenting revolution throughout Central America.  This eye-opening set of documents provides sober warning for those reluctant to admit the amount of communist subversion taking place today in countries like Nicaragua and El Salvador.  An enlightening look at how communist revolutionary tactics are being carried out in the Western Hemisphere.

Shevchenko, Arkady N., Breaking With Moscow.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf, 1985.  378pp.

Breaking With Moscow is the fascinating and absorbing story of Shevchenko's defection to the West.  Shevchenko -- one of the highest-ranking Soviet officials ever to defect -- presents an extraordinary story of one man's political pilgrimage, and also reveals the real nature of the Kremlin's aims and tactics.  Must reading for all who want to know about the realities of Soviet communism.

Shipler, David K., Russia:  Broken Idols, Solemn Dreams.  New York:  Times Books, 1983.  404pp.

This is an in-depth and inside look at life in the Soviet Union, written by a journalist who has lived there for a number of years.  Politics, religion, the economy, the family, and education are among the subjects covered in this book.  Shipler is a correspondent for The New York Times.

Shultz, Richard and Roy Godson, Dezinformatsia:  Active Measures in Soviet Strategy.  Washington:  Pergamon-Brassey's, 1984.  210pp.

Although slightly dated, this remains an excellent guide to the machinery which the USSR developed to covertly win international influence and approval.  This machinery directs propaganda/disinformation operatives ("agents of influence") and supports terrorist organizations.  The book also features an analysis of overt Soviet propaganda between 1960 and 1980.

Simis, Konstantin, USSR:  The Corrupt Society.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1982.  316pp.

Bribery and corruption are rife throughout the Soviet system, argues Simis.  Every aspect of Soviet life -- medicine, law, the economy, the government, etc. -- is tainted with wide-spread corruption.  Simis, who was a trial lawyer for seventeen years in the Soviet Union, has had first-hand contact with the corruption he describes.  So damning is the evidence described in this work, that in 1977 Simis was forced to leave the Soviet Union.  A searing exposé of the real nature of the Soviet system.

Smith, Hedrick, The Russians.  New York:  Ballantine Books, 1976, 1977.  706pp.

This is a major work on the people, history, culture, politics, and policies of the Soviet Union.  A good look at what life is like inside the Soviet system.  Smith is a correspondent of The New York Times.

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, The Gulag Archipelago, 1918-1956.  3 vols.  New York:  Harper and Row, 1973-1978.  vol. 1, 660pp;  vol. 2, 712pp;  vol. 3, 560pp.

Perhaps no other volume has done more to dispel the illusions of communism than this monumental work.  In some 1,500 pages Solzhenitsyn masterfully describes the horrors of the Soviet prison camps, the barbarities and cruelties of the bankrupt communist system, and the flickers of hope contained within the human spirit.  Solzhenitsyn is truly a prophet for our times.

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, Letter to the Soviet Leaders.  New York:  Harper and Row, 1974.  81pp.

In this essay Solzhenitsyn calls on the Soviet leaders to renounce the tyranny, the repression, the paranoia, that the nation is built on.  A courageous appeal to restore spiritual values to a great nation, and a challenge to the post-Christian West.

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, The Mortal Danger:  How Misconceptions About Russia Imperil America.  New York:  Harper Colophon Books, 1980.  130pp.

This essay was originally published in Foreign Affairs, and this volume contains the responses it elicited, with a final reply by Solzhenitsyn.  An important work on how our faulty views about Soviet aims and intentions jeopardize the West.  We need to clearly perceive the mortal danger we are facing.

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, Warning to the West.  New York:  Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1975, 1976.  146pp.

This book is a collection of five speeches Solzhenitsyn made in America and England in 1975 and 1976.  These are some of Solzhenitsyn's most powerful and compelling warnings made to Western audiences.  Solzhenitsyn clearly spells out the dangers we face in Soviet imperialism.  The communists are out to destroy the West, warns the author, and we dare not drop our guard.  The message in this book needs to be received by everyone who values freedom and abhors tyranny.

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, A World Split Apart.  New York:  Harper and Row, 1978.  61pp.

This is the commencement address delivered by Solzhenitsyn at Harvard University on June 8, 1978.  In it he argues that a demoralized and post-Christian West is no match for, and not much better than, Soviet totalitarianism.  Solzhenitsyn calls for a moral and spiritual revival in the West to enable it to withstand atheistic, humanistic communism.  A compelling, prophetic call by one of the commanding figures of the twentieth century.

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, ed., From Under the Rubble.  New York:  Bantam Books, 1974, 1976.  306pp.

In this book Solzhenitsyn and six other Soviet dissidents critique the communist system in Russia and the apathetic, liberal West.  An important set of essays on the moral bankruptcy of Soviet communism, and a challenging appeal for the moral and spiritual re-armament of the West.

Spasowski, Romuald, The Liberation of One.  New York:  Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.  687pp.

On 19 December 1981 Spasowski defected to the West, making him the highest-ranking communist official ever to do so.  He was the Deputy Foreign Minister of Poland, and twice Ambassador to the United States.  This is his story of life in communist Poland.  It is both a moving autobiography and a revealing look at the inner workings of the communist system.  It will ever remain a mystery how naivety concerning communism can continue to exist in the face of such a shattering expose as this.

Suvorov, Viktor, Inside Soviet Military Intelligence.  New York:  Macmillan, 1984.  193pp.

This is an inside look at the GRU, the Soviet secret military intelligence organization, written by a former 15-year member of the Soviet military.  Suvorov (a pseudonym for this Soviet defector), gives us a detailed and authoritative look at this organization's aims, tactics, methods, and operations.

Suvorov, Viktor, Inside the Aquarium:  the Making of a Top Soviet Spy.  New York:  Macmillan, 1986.  249pp.

This is the absorbing story of Suvorov's life in the GRU.  Reading better than fiction, this book traces his career as a GRU agent, from his initiation and training to his eventual defection.  A shocking and revealing look at the brutal world of the KGB/GRU.  Suvorov now resides incognito in Great Britain.

Suvorov, Viktor, Inside the Soviet Army.  New York:  Macmillan, 1982.  352pp.

In this volume Suvorov describes the inner workings of the Soviet army.  As an ex-member of the Soviet army, Suvorov provides a wealth of information and insight into how the world's largest standing army operates.  A revealing and illuminating work.  An invaluable source of data and information.

Thomas, Hugh, Armed Truce:  The Beginnings of the Cold War 1945-46.  New York:  Atheneum, 1987.  667pp.

Like Paul Johnson, Hugh Thomas is an English historian and conservative.  This is the first of several projected volumes about the Cold War.  All the major events and personalities are discussed in some detail:  the significance of the atom bomb;  the Potsdam conference;  the birth of the U.N.;  Truman;  Roosevelt;  Churchill;  Attlee;  Mao;  Tito;  Stalin;  Franco;  and de Gaulle.  A fascinating and learned account of an important period in twentieth century history.

Toledano, Ralph de and Victor Lasky, Seeds of Treason:  the True Story of the Hiss-Chambers Tragedy.  New York:  Funk and Wagnalls, 1950.  270pp.

This is a careful account of the Hiss-Chambers case.  It attempts to show that Hiss was indeed guilty as charged;  and it records Chambers' ringing testimony and its validity for today.  An important retelling of an important episode in the struggle between communism and freedom.

Tolstoy, Nikolai, Stalin's Secret War.  New York:  Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981.  463pp.

In this remarkable book, Tolstoy, the great-grandson of Leo Tolstoy, documents the barbaric reign of Stalin during the years from 1938 to 1945.  The awful truth of Stalin's twofold war is brought to light:  enslaving and murdering his own peoples as well as resisting foreign enemies.  Tolstoy clearly shows the grim fact that at least half of Russia's 30 million war dead were victims of Stalin's communism.

Tuck, Jay, High-Tech Espionage.  New York:  St. Martin's Press, 1986.  211pp.

This is the story of how NATO's strategic secrets and Western high technology are being smuggled to Moscow by the KGB.  Tuck has made use of government hearings, court records, and interviews with customs agents, smugglers and freight shippers to unfold the sordid tale of espionage, smuggling and illicit trade.  It reads like a spy novel but is unfortunately all non-fiction.  A well researched work.

Tyson, James L., Target America:  the Influence of Communist Propaganda on US Media.  Chicago:  Regnery Gateway, 1981.  147pp.

This book charges that the Soviet Union is involved in a massive propaganda offensive against America, designed to demoralize and weaken it from within.  A detailed and documented account of how the mass media are, perhaps unwittingly, playing into the Soviet's hands.

United States Government, Soviet Military Power.  Washington, DC:  US Government Printing Office, published annually.  143pp.

This informative document, first issued in 1981, and now revised and updated each year, provides a wealth of facts and figures on Soviet conventional, theatre-nuclear, and strategic forces.  Filled with charts and illustrations, this is an excellent source of information on Soviet military power, capabilities and strategies.  Former Secretary of Defence Caspar Weinberger wrote the preface to this volume.

Valladares, Armando, Against All Hope.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.  380pp.

Already being hailed as a Cuban Gulag Archipelago, this work is indeed similar to the horror stories described by Solzhenitsyn.  This book is the shocking account of Valladares' 22 years in Cuban prisons.  It describes in graphic detail the torture, brutality and barbarism of Castro's treatment of political prisoners.  A harrowing indictment of another communist "workers' paradise".  Gruesome yet necessary reading for any one who wants to know the truth about how communism always results in demonic cruelty, ugliness and inhumanity.

Van den Haag, Ernest and Tom J. Farer, US Ends and Means in Central America:  A Debate.  New York:  Plenum Press, 1988.  241pp.

In this fine exchange of opinions the real issues and the real facts of the Central American controversy are clearly laid forth.  Concentrating on Nicaragua, but dealing with the rest of Central America as well, the debaters discuss the morality of US intervention;  US interests in Central America;  the nature of the Sandinista regime;  issues of international law;  and related topics.  Van den Haag, a Distinguished Scholar at the Heritage Foundation, supports US involvement in Central America, especially in resisting communism there, while Farer, a law professor at the American University in Washington, DC, does not.  A lively and learned debate.

Voslensky, Michael, Nomenklatura:  The Soviet Ruling Class.  New York:  Doubleday and Company, 1980, 1984.  455pp.

This is an important look at Soviet society in general, and the privileged ruling elite in particular.  Explodes the myths oif socialist rule, and shows how a new, more powerful and more ruthless aristocracy has risen and maintains itself in power.  A fascinating and revealing look at the real nature of Soviet communism.  Voslensky is a leading Sovietologist.  A very fine book.

Vree, Dale, On Synthesizing Marxism and Christianity.  New York:  John Wiley and Sons, 1976.  206pp.

There have been many attempts of late at Marxist-Christian dialogue and synthesis.  In this important study Vree maintains that "Marxism and Christianity are disjunctive belief systems that cannot be fused without doing violence to the integrity of both."  Moreover, when these two mutually exclusive systems do attempt rapprochement, it is usually at the expense of Christianity as dialogue gives way to monologue -- i.e., Christians often become Marxists, but Marxists rarely become Christians.  A valuable and incisive essay.  Vree is editor of the New Oxford Review.

Weinstein, Allen, Perjury:  The Hiss-Chambers Case.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf, 1978.  674pp.

Weinstein began research on this book with the purpose of vindicating Hiss.  After five years of research he came to the conclusion that Hiss indeed had perjured himself.  Along with Chambers' Witness, this is one of the most important accounts of the Hiss-Chambers case available to date.  A meticulously researched and thoroughly documented piece of scholarship.  Weinstein teaches history at Smith College, and has authored a number of books.

Wolfe, Bertram D., Three Who Made a Revolution.  2 volumes.  New York:  Time Inc., 1948, 1964.  Vol. 1, 410pp;  Vol. 2, 413pp.

This is a detailed and scholarly account of how Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin fermented and planned the Bolshevik revolution of 1917.  It is the historical portrait of revolutionary zeal and fanaticism.  An important source for understanding how communism took power in Russia, and how it maintains it today.