Religion and Politics

Religion in general, and Christianity in particular, in relationship to politics, culture and society is the subject of the section.  Many of the authors are Christian.  All discuss the importance of religion as it affects the secular order, especially the political realm.  Legal aspects of church/state relations can be found in Section Six.

Anderson, Digby, ed., The Kindness That Kills:  The Churches' Simplistic Response to Complex Social Issues.  London:  SPCK, 1984.  170pp.

The churches have increasingly been raising their voices on social and economic matters.  But, as the subtitle indicates, their pronouncements are often superficial at best.  In this volume Peter Bauer, Brian Griffiths, David Martin, Ralph Harris and a dozen other authors look at such issues as unemployment, racism, South Africa and capitalism.  A helpful critique of the socialist captivity of the churches, and a needed call for the Church to be more balanced and discriminating in assessments of social and economic affairs.

Atkins, Stanley and Theodore McConnell, eds., Churches On the Wrong Road.  Chicago:  Regnery Gateway, 1986.  270pp.

Russell Kirk, Gerhart Niemeyer, James Schall, Madeleine L'Engle and six other authors are brought together in this symposium concerning church/state relations.  They all argue that the church's calling is spiritual;  that it should not seek to establish God's kingdom on earth;  and it should not take official stands on current issues.  While all Christians may not agree with the whole approach taken by this volume, they can benefit from the warnings contained herein against "politicizing" the gospel.  A thought-provoking set of essays.

Bandow, Doug, Beyond Good Intentions:  A Biblical View of Politics.  Westchester, Illinois:  Crossway Books, 1988.  271pp.

In this important volume Bandow explores the relationship between Christianity and politics.  He sets forth limits to how far the church should go in political involvement, and briefly traces the history of church-state relations.  He also looks at the application of biblical principles to such problems as:  education;  foreign aid;  nuclear issues;  pornography;  drugs;  criminal justice;  the environment;  and welfare.  A welcome contribution to the growing amount of literature on issues of church-state relations.  Bandow is a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute.

Barlow, Geoffrey, ed., Vintage Muggeridge:  Religion and Society.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1985.  192pp.

This is a collection of essays, articles and speeches by Malcolm Muggeridge on Christianity and culture.  Included are three "Firing Line" interviews with William F. Buckley.  Muggeridge, a British journalist, began as a socialist, but later became an apologist for Christianity and conservatism.  Muggeridge is a top-notch thinker and writer as this volume shows.

Brennan, Geoffrey, The Christian and the State.  Sydney:  The Centre for Independent Studies, 1983.  35pp.

In this booklet Brennan discusses the role of the church in social issues.  Concentrating on the area of political economy, Brennan argues for a libertarian approach to both helping the poor and meeting the demands of biblical and social justice.  Brief comments by John K. Williams -- in support of the libertarian approach -- and W.R. Stent -- opposed to it -- are also included.  A helpful volume on biblical, ethical and social matters.

Brennan, Geoffrey and John K. Williams, ed., Chaining Australia:  Church Bureaucracies and Political Economy.  Sydney:  The Centre for Independent Studies, 1984.  143pp.

What role does the church play in addressing social, political and economic issues?  These essays discuss this and related questions.  The church should be involved in these issues, but it should be well informed of such subjects before making pronouncements on them.  Proof-texting and emotive rhetoric alone will not suffice.  Authors include Paul McGavin, Greg Sheridan, Lauchlan Chipman, Hugh Henry and the editors.  A worthwhile set of essays on an important subject.

Brown, Harold O.J., The Reconstruction of the Republic.  New Rochelle, New York:  Arlington House, 1977.  207pp.

Brown is an evangelical, a conservative, and a professor of theology.  This book calls for a moral, political and spiritual renewal of America.  Brown argues that Christians should take an active role in reforming our society.  This is an intelligent, well-written and timely work, combining religious commitment with hard-headed political analysis.  A very fine book.

Burke, Thomas J., The Christian Vision:  Man and Morality.  Hillsdale, Michigan:  Hillsdale College Press, 1986.  174pp.

This is the second in a series of volumes on Christianity and social ethics put out by Hillsdale College.  Authors include James Hitchcock, Ronald Nash, Keith Yandell and Carl F.H. Henry.  Subjects covered include:  Catholic social thought;  the Bible and political economy;  and modern philosophy and morality.  A valuable and learned set of articles by some leading Christian social thinkers.

Carey, George W. and James V. Schall, eds., Essays on Christianity and Political Philosophy.  Lanham, Maryland:  University Press of America/The Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1984.  136pp.

In this volume James Schall, Thomas Molnar, George Carey, Gerhart Niemeyer and four other authors discuss topics like:  the scope of politics;  reason and faith;  Christian contributions to political thought;  and political secularization.  A stimulating and learned collection of essays.

Chesterton, G.K., Orthodoxy.  Westport, Connecticut:  Greenwood Press, 1974.  299pp.

First published in 1908, Orthodoxy is one of Chesterton's more important works.  Part spiritual autobiography, part apologetic for the faith, this volume is an eloquent and colourful defence of classical Liberalism and the Christian religion.  Western Christendom was for Chesterton the real alternative to all of modernism's evils:  collectivism, elitism, secular humanism, and utopianism.  A witty, wise and absorbing work of intellect and imagination.

Colson, Charles, Kingdoms In Conflict.  New York:  William Morrow, 1987.  399pp.

The relationship between the two kingdoms of church and state -- of religion and politics -- is the subject of this excellent book.  While the church is to remain true to its spiritual calling, individual Christians can and should become involved in political affairs as conscience leads.  Intertwined in Colson's discussion of church-state relations are powerful vignettes of proper Christian involvement in the temporal realm:  Wilberforce and abolition;  Bonhoeffer and Nazism;  Cardinal Mindzenty of Hungary;  Cardinal Sin of the Philippines;  Cardinal Wyszynski of Poland;  and others.  A fine call for Christian interaction with society that avoids the twin errors of politicizing the gospel or privatizing the faith.  Colson, of Watergate fame, is now chairman of Prison Fellowship.

Dale, Alzina Stone, The Outline of Sanity:  A Life of G.K. Chesterton.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1982.  354pp.

Chesterton was a poet, novelist, artist, journalist, debater, and apologist for Christianity.  While not a conservative in every sense of the word -- for example, as with Belloc, he tended to discount capitalism and socialism alike -- Chesterton was a major foe of modernism in all its forms.  He was an ardent combatant against atheistic humanism, scientism, secularism, elitism and relativism.  This biography is a valuable introduction to his life and work, with emphasis on his eventual conversion to Christianity and his defence of Catholicism.

Dawson, Christopher, Religion and the Rise of Western Culture.  New York:  Image Books, 1950, 1958.  242pp.

"How did it come about that a small group of peoples in Western Europe should acquire the power to transform the world and to emancipate themselves from man's age-long dependence on the forces of nature? ... What were the factors in European culture which explain the peculiar achievement of Western man?"  "Religion," says Dawson, "is the key" -- especially the Christian religion.  This history of medieval Europe is based on lectures Dawson delivered at the University of Edinburgh in 1948-1949.  An important book.  Dawson, a Catholic historian, died in 1970.

Eidsmoe, John, God and Caesar:  Christian Faith and Political Action.  Westchester, Illinois:  Crossway Books, 1984.  239pp.

Eidsmoe is a professor of law and an active evangelical.  This book deals with a number of issues, all from a Christian and conservative viewpoint.  Subjects covered include:  government;  law;  education;  the family;  crime and punishment;  international relations;  war and peace;  wealth and poverty;  taxation;  patriotism;  and humanism.  A helpful work, although sketchy in places.

Eliot, T.S., Notes Towards the Definition of Culture.  New York:  Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1949.  128pp.

No culture can develop except in relation to religion, and no culture can endure long -- and continue to make life worth living -- without religion.  Also, in a "vigorous society there will be both class and elite".  Liberalism undermines culture and results in tyranny, because liberalism tends to denigrate religion and the supernatural, and tends to promote egalitarianism.  Eliot, a poet, essayist, and convert to Christianity, died in 1965.

Griffith, Carol Friedley, ed., Christianity and Politics:  Catholic and Protestant Perspectives.  Washington, DC:  Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1981.  116pp.

In this volume Richard John Neuhaus, James V. Schall, David Little, Michael Novak, Whittle Johnston and Timothy L. Smith discuss such issues as:  legislating morality;  ethics and foreign policy;  religion, education and values;  and changes in Catholic social thought.  These are all worthwhile essays written by some of the leading thinkers in religion and social issues.

Henderson, Gerard, Mr Santamaria and the Bishops.  Sydney:  Hale and Iremonger, 1983.  230pp.

Based on a doctoral thesis written by Henderson in 1981, this book examines a leading Australian conservative thinker, B.A. Santamaria, and the Catholic Church from the 1940s through the early 1960s.  An important study of church, state and politics in recent Australian history.  The author is Executive Director of The Sydney Institute.

Hitchcock, James, What Is Secular Humanism?  Why Humanism Became Secular and How It Is Changing Our World.  Ann Arbor, Michigan:  Servant Books, 1982.  158pp.

This is an important analysis of modern culture by a leading conservative Catholic scholar and journalist.  Chapters discuss:  modernity;  secularism;  the cult of self-worship;  the mass media;  the law and the Constitution;  the secularization of the churches;  and true and false humanism.  A learned critique of recent trends in the West, and a call for Christians to restore true humanism.

Horn, Carl, ed., Whose Values?  The Battle for Morality in Pluralistic America.  Ann Arbor, Michigan:  Servant Books, 1985.  205pp.

In this volume ten authors discuss questions of pluralism and values;  church/state relations;  secular humanism;  traditional values and the courts, media, schools and churches;  and religion and politics.  William Ball, Joseph Sobran, Terry Eastland, James Hitchcock and Paul Vitz are among the essayists.  An informative and well-articulated set of essays.

Lefever, Ernest W., Amsterdam to Nairobi:  The World Council of Churches and the Third World.  Washington, DC:  Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1979.  114pp.

This volume is a critique of the increasing politicization of the WCC.  Lefever argues that it has supplanted the gospel with a leftist political agenda on numerous occasions.  A well-documented and well-researched volume written by a scholar ably qualified to discuss such important issues.  Lefever is director of the Ethics and Public Policy Center at Georgetown University in Washington, DC.

Lefever, Ernest W., Nairobi to Vancouver:  The World Council of Churches and the World, 1975-1987.  Washington, DC:  Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1988.  149pp.

This is a companion volume to the above-mentioned book, which covered the first three decades of the WCC.  This study of the past twelve years makes it clear that the WCC continues to adopt a revolutionary political agenda which more faithfully reflects the aims of the Soviet Union than the spirit of Jesus Christ.  The double standards and partisanship of the WCC are carefully exposed in this important work.  A crucial examination of a politically radicalized and spiritually impoverished institution.

Miceli, Vincent D., The Gods of Atheism.  New Rochelle, New York:  Arlington House, 1971.  490pp.

Miceli, a Catholic and professor of philosophy, argues that man is necessarily God-centred, and when he rejects God, he invariably creates his own false gods.  This book is a critique of these humanistic and atheistic gods.  Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzche, Comte, Sartre, and Bultmann are among the figures analyzed.  A major philosophical and theological critique of atheism and secular humanism.  A very fine book by a perceptive and learned Christian thinker.

Molnar, Thomas, Authority and Its Enemies.  New Rochelle, New York.  Arlington House, 1976.  142pp.

Freedom without authority can only result in the downfall of Western civilization, argues Molnar.  Authority at all levels of society is urged as an antidote to anti-authority utopians.  These utopians usually end up tending towards totalitarianism:  anarchy becomes wedded to despotism.  One of a number of important studies penned by the Hungarian-born Catholic historian.

Molnar, Thomas, Politics and the State:  The Catholic View.  Chicago:  Franciscan Herald Press, 1980.  153pp.

In this volume Thomas Molnar appraises various political theories from a Catholic perspective.  In particular he assesses three major political schools:  that of the Federalist Papers;  that of Leo Strauss and his followers;  and that of Eric Voegelin.  He claims that Catholic political thought has for too long been ignored, and that it has much to offer current political discussions.  Molnar teaches at the City University of New York.

Molnar, Thomas, Twin Powers:  Politics and the Sacred.  Grand Rapids, Michigan:  William B. Eerdmans, 1988.  147pp.

The thesis of this book, writes the Catholic philosopher, "is that there is a crisis today of the foundations of power, a power separated from its sacred source.  This is, in essence, the political problematic of our times."  In the clash between modernity and tradition, a gradual desacralization of society has taken place, with a resultant sacralization of hedonism, humanism, consumerism, the State, etc.  The powers that be, divorced from their traditional sacred roots, can only degenerate into disorder and anarchy as a result.

Molnar, Thomas, Utopia, the Perennial Heresy.  New York:  Sheed and Ward, 1967.  245pp.

Molnar warns of the dangers of utopianism -- religious or atheistic.  He demonstrates how utopian thought denies a basic Christian truth:  the sinfulness of mankind.  Molnar argues that the most destructive and blasphemous version of utopianism thus far enacted is that of Marxist-Leninism.

Morris, Lynne, ed., The Christian Vision:  Man in Society.  Hillsdale, Michigan:  Hillsdale College Press, 1984.  150pp.

This book is the result of a convocation held at Hillsdale College in 1984.  Participating were:  James Packer, Carl F.H. Henry, Thomas Howard, Gerhart Niemeyer, Thomas Burke, Stanley L. Jaki, and Paul C. Vitz.  Topics include:  Christianity and science;  Christianity and the liberal arts;  Augustine's political philosophy;  and Christianity and psychology.  A learned and informative set of essays by some of the leading Christian social thinkers.

Myers, Kenneth, ed., Aspiring to Freedom:  Commentaries on John Paul II's Encyclical "The Social Concerns of the Church". Grand Rapids, Michigan:  William B. Eerdmans, 1988.  169pp.

Released in early 1988, John Paul II's papal encyclical has sparked widespread controversy.  This volume presents the complete text of the encyclical, along with commentaries by five competent students of contemporary Catholic social thought:  Richard John Neuhaus, Peter Berger, Michael Novak, Roberto Suro and George Weigel.  Important perspectives on the encyclical and its impact on Catholic social teaching in particular, and Christianity and social concern in general.

Neuhaus, Richard John, The Naked Public Square:  Religion and Democracy in America.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1984.  280pp.

Neuhaus, who in 1990 converted from Lutheranism to Catholicism, argues that liberal democracy needs the undergirding of public virtue, based on moral and religious values.  The erosion of such values in the public arena creates a vacuum which is filled with the "state-as-church" -- totalitarianism.  While arguing for a return of religious values in the public square, Neuhaus criticizes political religion of both the left and right.  An incisive, provocative and learned work.

Neuhaus, Richard John, ed., The Bible, Politics and Democracy.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1987.  167pp.

What does the Bible say about political affairs?  What role does the Church play in social and political issues?  These and related questions are addressed in volume five of the "Encounter Series".  Participants include Kenneth Myers, James W. Skillen, Oz Guinness, Ronald Nash and Mark Amstutz.  A good set of essays and discussion on an important subject.

Neuhaus, Richard John, ed., Confession, Conflict and Community.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1986.  110pp.

In this third volume of the "Encounter Series", Peter Berger, Edwin Gaustad, Eberhard Muller, and Trutz Rendtorff discuss questions of religion and democracy.  The essays address the issue of religion and its "responsibility to cultivate a political culture of dialogue and democratic exchange."  Nazi Germany and the United States are the examples used to focus this discussion.  An insightful set of articles, with a helpful summary of the conference by Neuhaus.

Neuhaus, Richard John, ed., Jews in Unsecular America.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1987.  120pp.

Essays by Milton Himmelfarb, Jonathan Sarna, Marvin Wilson and Davis Novak comprise the first part of this book, followed by discussion with Michael Novak, Edward Dobson and many others.  As the title indicates, the subject is how Jews relate to a largely non-Jewish America.  This is volume six of the "Encounter Series".

Neuhaus, Richard John, ed., Unsecular America.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1986.  160pp.

This is volume two of the "Encounter Series".  The topic here is American religiousness.  Essays are from Paul Johnson, Everett Carll Ladd, George Marsden and Neuhaus.  A fascinating look at a fascinating topic, by some leading observers of the religious scene in America today.

Neuhaus, Richard John, ed., Virtue -- Public and Private.  Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans, 1986.  81pp.

This is volume one of the "Encounter Series", the result of a number of conferences held in New York, sponsored by the Center on Religion and Society.  This volume deals with virtue and its relationship to democracy, public morality, education, culture, law, and religion.  Essays are by James Billington, Gilbert Meilaender, Robert Rodes, and Bernard Semmel, with a summary by Neuhaus of the participants' discussion.  A helpful and enlightening volume.

Norman, Edward, Christianity and the World Order.  Oxford, England:  Oxford University Press, 1979.  105pp.

This work, the outgrowth of lectures given in 1978, deals with the "politicization" of the Christian church.  The leftward movement of the World Council of Churches;  the growing attempts at Marxist-Christian dialogue;  the radicalization of mainline denominations;  the emergence of liberation theology -- these are all examples of the church's acceptance of leftist ideologies, coupled with its own spiritual decline, a fact which Norman is disturbed by.  Norman is a history professor at Cambridge University.

Robb, Edmund W. and Julia Robb, The Betrayal of the Church:  Apostasy and Renewal in the Mainline Denominations.  Westchester, Illinois:  Crossway Books, 1986.  296pp.

This book is an analysis of the religious left and how mainline American churches have been affected by it.  Chapters deal with the NCC and the Soviet Union;  the WCC and African terrorism;  liberation theology;  the religious left and Nicaragua;  and Christian/Marxist dialogue.  A thoroughly documented critique of a disturbing movement.  Robb is a Methodist minister and his daughter is a journalist.

Rushdoony, Rousas J., Law and Liberty.  Vallecito, California:  Ross House Books, 1984.  152pp.

As with most of Rushdoony's works, this book covers just about everything.  Topics include:  legislating morality;  church/state relations;  religion and law;  law and freedom;  pornography and free speech;  the family;  property;  justice and equality;  education;  welfare;  taxation;  and civil rights.  Rushdoony contends that all law must ultimately rest on a moral basis.  God's law is to be the source of our law, states Rushdoony, but religion, not the state, is the means to reform or change people.

Rushdoony, Rousas J., The Nature of the American System.  Fairfax, Virginia:  Thoburn Press, 1978.  181pp.

This is an examination of American political, legal, and social institutions.  Subjects discussed include:  the Constitution;  law;  rights;  pluralism;  religion;  federalism;  and localism.  Rushdoony discusses America's Christian foundation, and urges a return to limited government by means of living under God's laws.  Rushdoony is a leading figure in the Christian Reconstruction movement, also known as the Theonomy movement.  This group sees the Old Testament law as normative and applicable to today's society.

Rushdoony, Rousas J., The Politics of Guilt and Pity.  Fairfax, Virginia:  Thoburn Press, 1978.  371pp.

Rushdoony argues that modern man is plagued by guilt, and seeks to atone for this guilt by his own efforts, ignoring God's provision.  This self-atonement and self-justification expresses itself in social, political, economic and cultural realms, usually destructively and futilely.  A wide-ranging and provocative work.

Rushdoony, Rousas J., This Independent Republic:  Studies in the Nature and Meaning of American History.  Fairfax, Virginia:  Thoburn Press, 1978.  159pp.

These chapters deal with the American Revolution;  the U.S. Constitution;  liberty and property;  equality;  the role of religion in American life and history;  and morality and legislation.  Rushdoony's essays are always interesting, innovative and challenging, as well as controversial.

Ryn, Claes G., Democracy and the Ethical Life.  Baton Rouge, Louisiana:  Louisiana State University Press, 1978.  208pp.

In this volume Ryn refutes Rousseau's view of man and politics in particular, and modern positivism and moral relativism in general.  A proper understanding of man and politics must take into account morality and ethics, argues Ryn.  Just as man requires moral self-discipline, so too does politics, and constitutional democracy is the best means to this end.  A helpful study of the interrelations between ethics, politics, religion and society.  Ryn teaches politics at the Catholic University of America.

Schaeffer, Francis A., A Christian Manifesto.  Westchester, Illinois:  Crossway Books, 1981, 1982.  157pp.

In this book Schaeffer argues that the erosion of moral and spiritual values in the West has resulted in a loss of our freedoms -- political, social and religious.  This book demonstrates the failure of secular and humanistic religions, and calls for a renewed and militant Christianity.  Topics covered include:  civil disobedience;  church/state relations;  abortion;  Supreme Court decisions;  and Christian activism.  An important book by one of the great evangelical thinkers of our times.  Schaeffer died in 1984.

Schaeffer, Franky, Bad News For Modern Man:  An Agenda For Christian Activism.  Westchester, Illinois:  Crossway Books, 1984.  183pp.

This is a biting, sometimes caustic, attack on the secular assault on American social, political and religious institutions.  It is also a call to action:  a manual for Christian action in the war against abortion, immorality, humanism and liberalism.  While Schaeffer may lack tact on occasion, and can tend to overstate his case somewhat, I find myself in complete agreement with his central thesis:  the inroads of secularism, humanism and liberalism need to be checked, and the Christian church needs to take the offensive.  Schaeffer is a film-maker and author who lives in Massachusetts.

Schaeffer, Franky, A Time For Anger:  The Myth of Neutrality.  Westchester, Illinois:  Crossway Books, 1982.  206pp.

In this book Schaeffer attacks the bias and duplicity in much of the media, the intelligentsia, the courts, arts, sciences and medical arenas.  Schaeffer charges that these institutions often are anti-Christian and anti-conservative in orientation and in practice.  The book also calls Christians to take the offensive and reclaim territory lost to the secularists and liberals.  Schaeffer is the son of the late Francis Schaeffer.

Schall, James V., Christianity and Politics.  Boston:  St. Paul Editions, 1981.  342pp.

Writing from a Roman Catholic position, Schall gives a survey of political theory, and analyses current Christian political options, such as liberation theology and the New Right.  Natural law theories;  wealth and poverty;  Marxist-Christian dialogue;  and recent Catholic political thought are some of the subjects addressed here.  Schall teaches political science at Georgetown University in Washington, DC.

Schall, James V., Reason, Revelation and the Foundations of Political Philosophy.  Baton Rouge, Louisiana:  Louisiana State University Press, 1987.  254pp.

In this volume the Georgetown University professor of government argues that modern life is becoming increasingly politicized -- more so than it should be.  Politics, argues Schall, has application only in a limited sphere, and is not meant to be a replacement for metaphysical and religious systems.  An important history of political thought, as well as a call for a return to the transcendent in seeking to solve modern problems.  Politics needs the insights of revelation to be of real value today, and this volume helps to lead us in that direction.

Schlossberg, Herbert, Idols for Destruction:  Christian Faith and Its Confrontation with American Society.  Nashville:  Thomas Nelson, 1983.  344pp.

This is a scholarly, incisive and astute analysis of contemporary American culture from a thoroughly Christian and decidedly conservative perspective.  Powerful, meaty chapters on economics, power, religion, politics, and history are included in this fine book.  An erudite and wide-ranging work.  Strongly recommended.

Singer, C. Gregg, A Theological Interpretation of American History.  Nutley, New Jersey:  The Craig Press, 1978.  305pp.

Singer discusses American history, theology, politics, and culture in this volume.  He notes the harmful effects of theological and political liberalism in America's development.  Some subjects discussed are:  the rise of modern democracy;  social Darwinism;  the Social Gospel in America;  the New Deal and its consequences;  and the biblical view of government.  An interesting and compelling study.

Thoburn, Robert L., The Christian and Politics.  Tyler, Texas:  Thoburn Press, 1984.  198pp.

In this volume, Thoburn, an ordained minister, argues that the Christian should be involved in political issues and not abandon politics to the humanists.  He examines church/state relations throughout, details some biblical principles ol politics and economics, and shows Christians how they can make an impact on the political landscape.  Thoburn writes from the "theonomy" or Christian reconstruction school of thought.

Varghese, Roy Abraham, The Intellectuals Speak Out About God.  Chicago:  Regnery Gateway, 1984.  366pp.

This is a collection of writings by 25 leading scientists, philosophers and intellectuals who reject atheism.  Authors include Robert Jastrow, Alvin Plantinga, Henry Margenau, Stanley L. Jaki, Paul C Vitz, F.F. Bruce, and Norman Geisler.  A valuable set of essays in the defence of theism and Christianity.